Goodlettsville Dental Services

Cysts

Bone Cyst

A bone cyst is a type of cyst that can present in the jaw, or on other locations in the body.

Types include:

• Simple bone cyst
• Aneurysmal bone cyst
• Traumatic bone cyst

History

The aneurysmal bone cysts are benign neoformations which can affect all the skeleton bones. More than half occur in the metaphysic of long bones (especially femur and tibia) and between 12 and 30% in the spine. They were described in 1893 by Van Arsdale who called these lesions “homerus ossifying haematoma”. In 1940 Ewing used the term “aneurismal” to describe these lesions.Jaffé and Lichtenstein first coined the term “aneurismal cyst” in 1942 In 1950 they modified this term to “aneurismal bone cyst”.

The simple bone cyst is a common, benign, fluid-containing lesion, most commonly found in the metaphysis of long bones. The cause is unknown. These were first recognised as a distinct entity in 1910. Jaffe and Lichtenstein provided a detailed discussion of simple bone cysts in 1942

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

The calcifying odotogenic cyst, also known as the gorlin cyst, is a cyst most likely to affect the anterior areas of the jaws. It is most common in people in their second to third decades but can be seen at almost any age. On radiographs, the calcifying odontogenic cyst appears as a unilocular radiolucency (dark area). In one-third of cases, an impacted tooth is involved. Microscopically, there are many cells that are described as “ghost cells”. Ghost cells are enlarged eosinophilic epithelial cells without nuclei.

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst

The glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare odontogenic cyst. In 85% of cases, it is found in the mandible, especially in anterior areas. It is more common in adults in their fifth and sixth decades. On radiographs, it can appear as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency (dark area). Since the glandular odontogenic cyst can range in size, treatment can be as simple as enucleation and curettage to en bloc resection of the affected jaw.

Traumatic Bone Cyst

Traumatic bone cyst, also called a simple bone cyst, is a condition of the jaws. It is more likely to affect men and is more likely to occur in people in their first and second decades. There is no known cause though it is sometimes related to trauma. It appears on radiographs as a well-circumscribed radiolucency (dark area), and it commonly scallops between the roots of teeth. When the lesion is surgically opened, an empty cavity is found.cyst caused by trauma. One study showed female predominance.

Periapical Cyst

The periapical cyst, otherwise known as radicular cyst, is the most common odontogenic cyst. It is caused by pulpal inflammation or pulp death, secondary to trauma or dental caries. The cyst lining is derived from the cell rests of Malassez. Usually, the periapical cyst is asymptomatic, but a secondary inflammation can cause pain. On radiographs, it appears a radiolucency (dark area) around the apex of a tooth’s root.

Mucous Retention Cyst

A mucous retention cyst is a cyst caused by an obstruction of a duct, usually belonging to the parotid gland or a minor salivary gland. See also Mucocele.

Nasolabial Cyst

This nasolabial cyst, also known as a nasoalveolar cyst, is located superficially in the soft tissues of the upper lip. Unlike most of the other developmental cysts, the nasolabial cyst is an example of an extraosseous cyst, one that occurs outside of bone. It will therefor not show up on a radiograph, or an X-ray film

Nasopalatine Cyst

This cyst, also known as a nasopalatine duct cyst or elevator shaft cyst, occurs in the median of the palate, usually anterior to the first molars. It is the most common type of oral non-odontogenic cysts. Radiographically, it appears as a heart-shaped radiolucency. It is usually asymptomatic, but may sometimes produce an elevation in the anterior portion of the palate.

The median palatal cyst has recently been identified as a possible posterior version of the nasopalatine cyst